![]() ![]() This event occurs in the most vulnerable period of cell replication and growth (childhood and pregnancy) in order to protect the body from dangerous toxins. The hypothesis states that non-nutritive substances bind to toxins and lead to less toxins absorption. It also results in reduction of bioavailability of pathogens and toxins in gastrointestinal tract, a phenomenon on which a hypothesis is based. This effect can soothe gastric pain and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Geophagia causes increase in gastrointestinal PH. There is not enough evidence to determine whether Pica is the cause of nutritional deficiency or nutritional deficiency leads to Pica development.Kaolinite, a clay mineral, which has negative surface charge commonly ingested in Pica and can absorb the ions with positive surface charge, such as iron and causes iron-deficiency anemia.Children with anemia and low plasma zinc levels may develop Pica and crave for substances rich in the insufficient nutrients.However, there are different theories on developing Pica: ![]() The exact pathogenesis of Pica is not fully understood. Pica may be classified according to the name of the eaten substance the most common types by far are geophagia and amylophagia: It was particularly suggested as a treatment of intestinal infection and spasm. Historically, clay ingestion had been used for medical purposes probably due to its effect on gastrointestinal (GI) system.The first time term ‘Pica’ was mentioned in a medical context was in 1563 in a surgical work, ‘ An Excellent Treatise of Wounds made with Gonne Shot’, by Thomas Gale, where pica was addressed in pregnant women and children.It was first documented in the 13th century in Latin work of Bartholomeus de Glanville, although the actual term was not used.Pica is derived from the Latin word 'pica pica' which means magpie, a bird known for its behavior of gathering and eating almost everything.Synonyms and keywords: Pica syndrome, geophagia eating disorder, geophagy Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maryam Hadipour, M.D. Risk calculators and risk factors for PicaĮditor-In-Chief: C. US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Pica Articles on Pica in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ ![]()
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